A Conversation between Vaclav Havel, Thomas Hobbes and John Lock on Essay

A Conversation between Vaclav Havel, Thomas Hobbes and John Lock on the Idea of Liberty - Essay Example That these natural rights originate from god and yet demolish him. HAVEL: not really devastate him, yet in any event to change our perspective on what he is. That is the thing that I mean by discussing the Anthropic Cosmological Principal. HOBBES: Ah indeed, the possibility that the universe . . . . What is that word you utilized HAVEL: Evolved. HOBBES: And I expect from the setting that it implies how the universe came to fruition - you are recommending that it created after some time HAVEL: Exactly. HOBBES; The Bible says it was made in seven days. LOCKE: Or rather seven units of time - we are not so much certain about the interpretation, without a doubt you realize that. HOBBES: But the Bible is faultless . . . HAVEL: Gentlemen, refined men, it is sufficiently troublesome to discuss legislative issues on its won, with getting into the region of governmental issues and religion. (Each of the three men chuckle) HOBBES: But genuinely, your entire discourse appeared to travel toward that path. The possibility of this self-greatness - that every individual are by one way or another connected to the universe by being reflected in it. The possibility that of all the potential universes that God may have made, He picked this one . . . LOCKE: Or developed, I like that. I should peruse progressively about it. HOBBES: Evolved at that point. That this one developed as opposed to all the . . . LOCKE: I feel, pondering it, that the two are not totally unrelated. HOBBES: Meaning LOCKE: This Enlightenment that I am said to have made in England, it depended on the possibility of science, that things could be clarified yet that didn't really propose that God doesn't exist. It only indicated how brilliant His universe is. HAVEL: That's actually the point. It doesn't generally make a difference whether God exists or not . . . HOBBES; I should dissent. HAVEL: All that issues is that we are moored on.... . LOCKE: This Enlightenment that I am said to have made in England, it depended on the possibility of science, that things could be clarified however that didn't really recommend that God doesn't exist. It just demonstrated how brilliant His universe is. HAVEL: True. This photo, it was distributed in papers everywhere throughout the world and indicated individuals how exceptionally little the world is, the manner by which we are lost in the darkness of room and how we should stop our current course of steady wars. HOBBES: obviously not: the individual will see this photo and afterward forget about it in the following second. The vast majority are just worried about their prompt life: their family, companions, work, getting food on the table. They don't possess the energy for this sort of thing. HOBBES: Exactly. Also, toward the finish of your discourse you said (taking a duplicate of it from his pocket) indeed, the main genuine any expectation of individuals today is presumably a restoration of our conviction that we are established in the earth and, simultaneously, in the universe. I believe that appears to state that your advanced scholar was correct when he stated, just a God can spare us now.

Sample Cover Letter

Test Cover Letter #1 Your Name Address City, State ZIP Code Phone Date Name/Address of Person Receiving your letter Dear Person’s Name: I am keen on the Fitness Director position opening at the Los Gatos Sports and Wellness office. I have a solid instructive foundation and a few expert wellbeing and wellness encounters which I feel exceptionally qualify me for this opening for work. I am at present a guaranteed fitness coach and am finishing my degree in Exercise Science at the University of New Mexico. My training and expert foundation has given me broad authoritative and administrative experience.For occurrence, in my temporary job at CitiWorld I served to set up the wellness class program, showcase it, and was firmly associated with planning the appraisal and solution practice framework presently used. My Bachelor’s Degree in Exercise Science is complete instruction in life structures, kinesiology, the board ideas in game and wellness settings, worksite health, welln ess appraisal and solution, stress testing, EKG, and athletic preparing. I have additionally taken courses identified with readiness for extraordinary populaces, for example, the elderly.I appreciate working in the wellness business and feel I am generally fit for creating incredible affinity with the individuals I help. I am solid and trustworthy and invest wholeheartedly in my exhibition as an expert. I am focused on trying sincerely and seeing the difficulties I acknowledge lead to effective results. Also, I am a lively cooperative person who functions admirably with associates and partners. Much obliged to you for giving this chance. I would appreciate being a piece of your authoritative group and anticipate talking with you sooner rather than later. Genuinely,

The Real Pearl Necklace

The Real Pearl Necklace Jenny was a bright-eyed, pretty five-year-old girl. One day when she and her mother were checking out at the grocery store, Jenny saw a plastic pearl necklace priced at $2.50.How she wanted that necklace, and when she asked her mother if she would buy it for her, her mother said, “Well, it is a pretty necklace, but it costs an awful lot of money. I’ll tell you what. I’ll buy you the necklace, and when we get home we can make up a list of chore that you can do to pay for the necklace. And don’t forget that for your birthday Grandma just might give you a whole dollar bill, too. Okay?”Jenny agreed, and her mother bought the pearl necklace for her. Jenny worked on her chores very hard every day, and sure enough, her grandma gave her a brand new dollar bill for her birthday. Soon Jenny had paid off the pearls. How Jenny loved those pearls. She wore them everywhere-to kindergarten, bed and when she went out with her mother to run errands. The only time she didn’t wear them was in the shower; her mother had told her that they would turn her neck green.Now Jenny had a very loving daddy. When Jenny went to bed, he would get up from his favorite chair every night and read Jenny her favorite story. One night when he finished the story, he said, “Jenny, do you love me?”“Oh yes, Daddy, you know I love you,” the little girl said.“Well, then, give me your pearls.”“Oh! Daddy, not my pearls!” Jenny said. “But you can have Rosie, my favorite doll. Remember her? You gave her to me last year for my birthday. And you can have her tea party outfit, too. Okay?”“Oh no, darling, that’s okay.” Her father brushed her cheek with a kiss. “Good night, little one.” A week later, her father once again asked Jenny after her story, “Do you love me?”“Oh yes, Daddy, you know I love you.”“Well, then, give me your pearls.”Oh, Daddy, not my pearls! But you can have Ribbons, my toy horse. Do you remember her? She’s my favorite. Her hair is so s oft, and you can play with it and braid it and everything. You can have Ribbons if you want her, Daddy,” the little girl said to her father.“No, that’s okay,” her father said and brushed her cheek again with a kiss. “God bless you, little one. Sweet dreams.”Several days later, when Jenny’s father came in to read her a story, Jenny was sitting on her bed and her lip was trembling. “Here, Daddy,” she said, and held out her hand.She opened it and her beloved pearl necklace was inside. She let it slip into her father’s hand. With one hand her father held the plastic pearls and with the other he pulled out of his pocket a blue velvet box. Inside of the box were real, genuine, beautiful pearls.He had them all along. He was waiting for Jenny to give up the cheap stuff so he could give her the real thing.Author Unknown Submitted by ScottThe same with our Heavenly Father, He is waiting for us to give up the cheap/fake things in our lives. Are you holding on to harmful rel ationships, habits, activities which you have come so attached to that it seems impossible to let go? Sometimes it is so hard to see what is in the other hand but do believe one thing, God will never take away something without giving us something better.

The Civil War Of Iran Essay - 2108 Words

Historical Background Throughout the 1980’s, Lebanon was engulfed in a brutal civil war that was waged between the government and different rebel factions. Hezbollah, a fundamentalist Shia militant group allied with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), was one of the major forces fighting against the Lebanese government. With Ronald Reagan as acting president of the United States, he made an effort toward stabilizing the Area by sending peacekeeping forces to Beirut. In retaliation to this involvement, a suicide bomber drove a truck into a military barracks, killing 241 peacekeepers on October 23, 1983. 21 suspects were detained in suspicion of being involved in the planning of the attack; Hezbollah, in retaliation, began to kidnap American and western individuals, demanding the release of these men along with other outrageous concessions. Meanwhile, only a few countries away, the newly formed Islamic Republic of Iran was at war against its secular neighbor, Iraq. Prior to the Iranian R evolution, America had close relations with Iran’s former leader, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and supplied the regime with American made military equipment. The new Iranians leaders, however, had begun to exhaust these munitions from its war with Iraq, requiring more weapons and spare parts in order to effectively thwart the advances by Saddam Hussein’s army. The United States however, had vowed neutrality, stating they would not sell arms to the belligerents of the war. In theShow MoreRelatedThe Iranian Revolution And English Civil War1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout history, looking back today the Iranian Revolution and English Civil War were very much alike. Both revolutions had a lot to do with the leaders of the time and both immediately resulted in turmoil. The Iranian revolution and English Civil war had similar causes however the English Civil War was more successful in ensuring lasting democracy. Firstly, Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi was the extremely isolated leader of Iran who was extremely concerned, by any means necessary, with consolidatingRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Perspective On The Iranian Revolution1437 Words   |  6 Pagestriumph of the Islamic Revolution, and the effects of the war with Iraq first-hand. Satrapi has great accounts of daily life in Iran, with the revolution and demonstrations going on around her. Her ideas were intelligent and outspoken, even though she was as young as she was. She was the great-granddaughter of one of Iran’s last emperors. This gives her a unique point of view to the war going on around her. When she was young, and the conflicts in Iran had just started, they immediately interested her.Read MoreTerrorism Between Saudi Arabia And Iran1270 Words   |  6 PagesJanuary 2nd, 2016, Saudi Arabia executed 47 people on terrorism charges, including prominent Shiite Saudi cleric Nimr al-Nimr . Protestors in predominantly Shiite Iran p romptly set fire to the Saudi embassy in Tehran, while the Iranian foreign minister denounced Saudi Arabia’s actions. Saudi Arabia then severed all diplomatic ties with Iran, and many of their Sunni monarchist allies have done the same. Over the past week and a half, the Gulf has rapidly become a battleground, with countries being forcedRead MoreThe Rise Of The Arab Spring1555 Words   |  7 PagesSpring, the revolutionary wave of demonstrations, riots, and civil wars in the Middle East that began on 18 December 2010, pro-democracy Syrians rose in rebellion to the existing regime of Bashar al-Assad, Syria’s president. Assad’s regime brutally fought back and with the escalation in violence, Syria descended into a civil war, with each side scrambling for control over towns and cities (Rodgers). The Syrian government has committed several war crimes such as torture, rape, murder and the use of chemicalRead MoreIran And International Conflict In Iran1255 Words    |  6 PagesIran, within the next 10 years, could transform itself from a controlled threat to the United States to a world power constructed upon the ideals of protesting America and its allies and causing them harm, whether economical, militarily, or through any other means they choose. If it were to amass a large collection of nuclear weapons, it would force the US to loosen its control over the country, while also opening the door for other Middle Eastern countries to become nuclear capable, thus escalatingRead MoreUsg Case Study1730 Words   |  7 Pages USA JFK SWEG(A) IRAN’S PROXY WAR IN SYRIA EXSUM SUBMITTED TO MR. AHAB AND MR. KALDANI OF THE LANGUAGE, REGIONAL, EDUCATION and CULTURE PROGRAM SPECIAL WARFARE EDUCATION GROUP (AIRBORNE) BY CPT TANNER R. DERFLINGER FT. BRAGG, NC DECEMBER 2017 INTRODUCTION With the proclaimed defeat of ISIS, current ties with Russia, and the seemingly inevitable defeat of rebel forces against the Assad Regime, the Iranian government has the opportunity to spread influence within the Central CommandRead MoreConflict Within American Civil Society And The Jcpoa1550 Words   |  7 Pagesopponents emerged in the context of this convergence of dissimilar interests. Synthesis: Conflict within American Civil Society and the JCPOA The above potently demonstrates the degree to which civil societal mobilization can serve to privilege diplomacy over war in the context of even the most long-running and intransigent instances of conflict. Indeed, and in examining the civil societal contributions to the JCPOA discussed above, it is first critical to recognize that pro-JCPOA forces, at bothRead MoreNuclear Capabilities And Bargaining Process869 Words   |  4 Pageswill discuss the Iran nuclear deal in 2015. 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The Cold War started around 1947 after World War II and endedRead MoreSunni Shia Conflict Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesSaudi Arabia and Iran Saudi Arabia considers itself to be the Protector of Islam as they contain Mecca and Medina as well as oversee the Hajj. The Sunnis are the dominate form of Islam in Saudi and its main branch is called Wahhabism. It is a very strict form of Islam that is based on the literal interpretation of the Qur’an and allows for no other versions of Islam, like Shiism (StevenAU 2004). Iran has long been defined as the central power of Shiism especially following the 1979 Islamic revolution

Essay about What Are Gangs and Who Are Their Memebers

What is a gang? What is the difference between a gang and a peer group? How can a gang member be defined? These are three very common and difficult questions to answer within all disciplines. The most common discipline to address gangs, their members, and their activities is criminal justice which includes local, state, and federal law enforcement. The problem arises when these three jurisdictions and many others attempt to agree on one definition of a gang, which has proven to be a daunting task. For the purpose of coming to a general agreement for classifying a group as a gang and an individual as a gang member, while avoiding as many discrepancies as possible, James C. Howell has presented a chapter, Defining Gangs and Gang Members, in†¦show more content†¦The next researcher to purpose a definition was Thrasher (1927/2000). Thrasher’s (1927/2000) definition provided more insight on the behaviors and activities that define a gang. The definition mentioned behaviors such as meetings, presenting themselves in a group format, as well as designating specific turf as their own. What was most important and shed the most light on gang was that Thrasher (1927/2000) proposed the idea that gangs form in response to conflict (as cited in Howell, 2012). This conflict could be with other groups of different racial/ethnic background, problems with other children at school, or over neighborhood territories. Whatever the conflict may be, it stems the growth and formation of gangs. Many other definitions followed and began to describe and define the activity of the gangs. The definitions discussed recognition among the gang and by others, criminal activity, symbols and names, and degree of organization. Federal law began to purpose their definitions which were based on criminal activity. They identified the size of the group as a criterion, amount of criminal activity, types of criminal activity, and the gang member. Although the definitions of gangs were ju st arising and the agreement between jurisdictions may not have been clear, there were certainly a few characteristics among gangs that were, and still are, noticeably common. The firstShow MoreRelatedPolice Officers Charged With The Death Of Eric Garner969 Words   |  4 Pages#BlackLivesMatter movement is sexually assaulted the day after a massive protest following the Grand Jury decisision not to indict the police officers charged with the death of Eric Garner. The case takes a twist when it is discovered that the leader who was assaulted is actually Fin Tutuola s son Ken s boyfriend. In Act 1 of our A plot, Detectives Stabler and Benson enter the precinct notably late. They inform their captain that they were held up because a protest had broken out in the streetsRead More West Side Story Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesthe presence of the two gangs – the Jets and the Sharks. We are also able to say in which time period the actions take place. As an indicator we are using the dance at the gym in Act I,Scene 4, where Tony and Maria first meet. At this dance everyone is dancing the jitterbug just as the jive. Both were popular during the 1940`s and 1950`s. We should also mention that it is summer. Otherwise typical autumn or winter weather would have been mentioned and/or the gangs possibly would not setRead MoreMexican Drug Cartels1588 Words   |  7 Pagesand U.S. authorities have uncovered multiple tunnels from Mexico to the U.S. which link the two together. The tunnels are used to transport and smuggle these items from Mexico into the U.S. where cartel leaders and generals distribute them to their gangs throughout the country. Also contributing to the issue along our over 2,000 mile long border with Mexico between the United States and Mexico there are well over 7,000 gun dealers on the U.S. side. As we see the drugs moving north, most of the gunsRead MoreRole of African Elites in Dismantling Decolonization5146 Words   |  21 Pagesdevelopment. Walter Rodney s How Europe Underdeveloped Africa analyzes the colonial relations of production -- and the economic and political contradictions -- that produced Africa s underdevelopment and continue to plague Africa today. Rodney, who describes colonialism as a one-armed bandit, claims that colonialism, more than anything else, underdeveloped Africa. According to him, colonialism laid the roots of neocolonialism in Africa by creating Africa s economic dependency on the international

Should music file servers on the Internet should be shut down Free Essays

This assignment is all about persuasive writing, putting a controversial subject in matter and weighing up all the different viewpoints so I can make a final conclusion on the matter. I am going to write about the controversial matter of Napster and any other file sharing programs used over the Internet to swap music between computers. People send songs over the Internet to other people who can hear them for free once downloaded whenever they like with the recording artist and every other benefactor of record sales losing out. We will write a custom essay sample on Should music file servers on the Internet should be shut down? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Should music file servers on the Internet should be shut down? Introduction Within the last decade computers have become very important to our lives and home computers, PC’s, have become commonplace in most households. The internet has also been going from strength to strength, millions upon millions of people all round the world log on everyday to search for information, send e-mails, talk to people in different countries and a whole lot more. But within the last 3 or 4 years, file servers such as Napster, WinMX and Morpheus to name a few have sprung up allowing people to download their favourite songs straight to their computer without having to pay a penny. Record companies have been unhappy with this and are seeking legal action at the moment, while many people are rejoicing at the concept of free music. What I’m trying to do in this assignment is consider all the views and arguments of both sides and write down my viewpoints on the matter. The downfall of the record industry?! Record companies and artists have been in legal battles recently with file sharing servers such as Napster over the past year or two. They feel that these file sharing servers are illegal and should be shut down, firstly because these are copies of their albums and singles which are being spread about all over the Internet, which is piracy therefore illegal. Secondly people downloading these files aren’t paying for these songs, so they are not supporting the music business which is having to manufacture and spend millions on making these records. Thirdly they feel that the increasing number of people using these servers will result in the downfall of the music industry altogether. The record companies just want to make sure that they will have a future, the same with artists but by the looks of it even artists losing their recording contracts wont hurt their futures much as the trend of singers and musicians moving into other celebrity occupations is on the rise such as tv presenter and so on. The record business sees this as a major threat to them, even more than radio, which could be taped off but never had such an impact such as the Internet. They are trying their hardest legally to shut down the music file servers. I don’t really believe why the record companies are taking it so far, I don’t see them losing out so much anyway because it is a billion dollar business after all. Maybe they should just hope it fades away after a while which I think it will do. Money, Money, Money Many people disagree with the record companies when they say its ‘the downfall of the music industry’ because they feel that How to cite Should music file servers on the Internet should be shut down?, Papers

Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass. Answer: Directing Mind and Will It defines the liability of the directors of ted corporation where they get involved with various duty related with the corporation. In the liability of the corporation, the authorities like managers, directors, officers are related with such offences. The board of directors has the more responsibilities where if they have found with guilty then it is identified with the individual liabilities. The corporation not always found guilty for any offences related with the corporation but it will hold liable when the directors and other members of the corporation has involved with the criminal responsibilities (Hodge and McLain 2015). The term maxim Actus non facit reum nisi means sit rea is define as the rules of the liability where the corporation is related. However, it will only recognize as forbidden when the criminal activities has been acted or omission by the corporation itself with the intension of the criminal suspects. Most of the time the liabilities are defines the criminal aspects where the corporation is found to be related with the criminal vicarious liability which has been described according to the statutory offences. When the directors has found guilty with the criminal liabilities they are also prohibits with penalty and fines where shareholders, employees and other innocent parties can be benefited with the compensation (Hodge and McLain 2015). In the case of Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1972] the court has stated the corporation liabilities where the court has make the restriction on the actions of the directors and the managers who are directly related with criminal liabilities (Hodge and McLain 2015). Piercing the Corporate Veil It is a process where the limited liability company has provide such personal liabilities for the directors and the shareholders individually regarding the due debts or acts in the corporation. It also recognizes legal liabilities of those members who get their separate legal responsibilities under the corporation. It only provides such responsibilities for incurs regarding the debts and sole beneficiary of the owned credits of them. Therefore it will only applicable for such sole or partnership which will entitles with the limited liability companies (Lam 2015). Corporations exist in part to shield the personal assets of shareholders from personal liability for the debts or actions of a corporation. Unlike a general partnership or sole proprietorship in which the owner could be held responsible for all the debts of the company covers the whole responsibilities. The Piercing the Corporate Veil is a term which affect the corporate who are entitles with small business with the limited assets and reorganization of separateness of the corporations and must able to identified when it promoting the misconducts of the corporation. Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] is a famous case which has been describes the Corporate Veil due the separate legal entity of the limited liability companies for finding the fraudulent activities. The implementation of the Corporate Veil always helps in the existing rights and duties of the corporation according to the Corporation Act. Sometimes the state has depends on the related laws of corporation act where it always ignore the presumption against the Corporate Veil fir the involvement of the misconducts or misrepresentation through a particular corporation (Lam 2015). References Adams v Cape Industries plc [1990] Ch 433 Hodge, F. and McLain, M., 2015. Play directing: Analysis, communication, and style. CRC Press. Lam, C.L., 2015. Piercing the Corporate Veil. Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1972] AC 153

Christmas Essays (1525 words) - Nicole Schmitz, Star Magic

Christmas 997......................... It is the start of a new year and I thought I would start a journal chronicling my daily experiences. Tonight we decided to go to the local F.O.P. lodge to a New Years Eve party. We had a pretty good time but what happened later that evening is something that I hope I dont forget for a long time to come. Still fresh in my mind was the conversation Angela and I had on Christmas night. She was hinting that she wasnt sure if she wanted to be in a serious relationship this soon after the breakup of her previous one. If that wasnt hard enough on Christmas she also was to ill to attend my brothers wedding with me in Madison Indiana . To add to all the confusion in my head, on my way home I stopped and got her a rose and a happy New Years balloon. She seemed quite touched by the gesture but also visibly troubled by it. I asked her if she was ready to have a good time tonight and she said I was but now I dont know. Now what in the world does that mean! I tried applying all sorts of significa nt meanings to that statement but in the end I decided to just let it go and let events unfold as they would. Fast forward to 2 minutes before midnight. Angela is an absolute goddess, she is very beautiful and one of the nicest, sweetest woman I have ever met, but she is not one given to affection, especially public affection. Well at 2 minutes till she laid a kiss on me that lasted well after midnight. She absolutely blew me away!! The rest of the night was nice, we went to a couple more clubs but that moment is burned into my memory. Everything else paled in comparison. I dont know if it is possible but I think I kissed her with my heart as well as my lips. I have heard of your minds eye, but tonight I found my hearts mouth................. January 2, 1997 I slept very happily all morning. I guess we were up a little later than I thought. I think my mind is still reeling from last night. I dont know what Im going to do with my self since Monday Night football is off, and Buffalo is out of the playoffs. One thing is for sure I know Angela is glad of that. We spent a nice relaxing day together doing nothing but laying on the couch. It was great! Well thats the extent of my new years day. Ive got to get ready for work, which by the way is the low point of my day. January 3, 1997 T.G.I.F! Angela and I went to go see the movie Jerry Maguire. It was really good, but Angela was convinced that the only reason I went to see it was because I knew she wanted to see it. That was part of the reason but I wasnt going to tell her that. She gets upset sometimes when she thinks Im doing something just for her. Go figure, you would think that would be a good thing. Oh well I guess God knew what he was doing when he made women as utterly confusing as he did........................ January 4, 1997 Saturday, I love Saturdays. Its a day I dont have to do anything. Fortunately NFL playoffs are going on. I think Green Bay and San Francisco are playing today. I hope Green Bay wins. I have decided that by the time my birthday rolls around I will quit smoking. Good luck huh? Im sure that once I start school my Saturdays wont be as relaxing as they are now. What Im really worried about is that when I start school I wont have near the time, or money to do things with Angela and she will get bored with me. Its funny, when I was dating Sonya she would have put up with just about anything just to see me in school. Now Im worried that Angela wont want to wait for a college student. Well maybe Im just creating all this in my head. After all she is

the effect of europeans on ame essays

the effect of europeans on ame essays The Europeans that settled in America changed the lives of the Indians, slowly robbing them of their culture. The future of the Indians was changed drastically as their children, their income off the land and their spiritual bonds with the land were interfered by the Europeans. The Europeans, in trying to create a white society out of the Indians, stole from them what made them unique as a civilization. The Indians children were affected more than any other generation by the coming of the Europeans. Their whole family structure changed in the short period while the Europeans took over, and gradually the children lost all they ever knew. Indian children were brought up learning the skills they would need as adults. A great importance was placed in training boys to become warriors and teaching them skills such as running, swimming, jumping, building stamina and strength and archery. Girls would stay with their mothers until they were eight and then live with their grandmother, who was considered their most dignified protector. She would take over and teach the girl skills such as weaving, molding clay and domestic skills Indian children were as free as the animals that roamed the forest around them. Young boys were encouraged by elders to engage in sports... Girls busied themselves imitating their mothers. Life of a Shawnee, W.C.Mundell With the arrival of the Europeans, Indian children lost their upbringing, their culture and gradually, their self-esteem. The government attempted to civilise the Indian children and many were sent or forcibly taken to boarding schools, often not situated on the reservations. The children were separated from their families, their mentors. Their clothing was missionary style dresses for the girls, knickers and trousers for the boys. The children werent allowed to speak their native tongue. The family structure collapsed as the fathers died and many women were w...

Definition of the Educational Technology Field Essay

Definition of the Educational Technology Field - Essay Example The education and instructional technology is a link between available technologies and the educational/instructional needs by means of looking for ways to make the technology useful to both the student and the teacher. Usually, there is a need to have a clear definition of the field of instructional technology. First, a clear definition offers the people involved, especially the professionals in the field, a better understanding of what their roles are (Hall, Meyer & Rose 2012). Unless there is a clear definition of the field and what it entails, there is a very high chance that the productivity of such professionals, in terms of what they learn, research and implement will be an issue. At the same time, as more and more technologies come out, there are issues of technology hype. Technology hype is the promises that most technologies offer to do, but that do not add any value. In instructional and educational technology, the best thing to know is that not all technologies will offer any quality to the education and instructional process. Taking these technologies on their face value would lead to expensive investments in educational technology, but with little or no return. In this regard, having a good definition of the instructional technology is also a good way to create a better understanding of what this field is about. It also creates the awareness that in involving technology in education and especially in instruction design, the needs of the teacher/students drive the use of technology and not the other way round. Technology should not be the one driving the needs of the teacher/student in class, but technology should only be applied where and when necessary. This can only be best understood by having a clear understanding of instructional what technology is and how it relates to instructional design (Spector et al, 2013). Professionals who understand this principle are

Report of the essay study based on the Case study

Report of the study based on the Case study - Essay Example This report assesses the marketing issues to be considered in this case scenario and provides recommendations on the strategy that is likely to be most effective in the Company’s present circumstances. The most distinctive opportunity that the Company has is perfecting the new flavours of single malts that it could develop, thanks to its distiller, Ellis Cameron. It also has the opportunity to use its talented salespeople such as the apprentice distiller at the New York marketing event, who could be putting their skills of discerning the subtleties in taste and flavour to good use in maintaining the high quality of Gleanmeadie whisky. The threats the Company is faced with arise from the competition, where other single malt companies may seek to develop distinctive brands of whisky and attract the discerning customer that Glenmeadie may not be able to satisfy if innovation and development of new flavours is not adequately funded. The essential dilemma that the Company is faced with in determining its strategic initiatives is the question of whether (a) the high expense customer centred marketing approach is justified and must be continued or (b) whether the Company needs to pay greater attention to investments in long term strategic initiatives.(c) to what extent innovation and customer research must form a part of company strategy and (d) how the Gleanmeadie brand is to be promoted. The experts who have offered views on Glenmeadie’s present strategy and what future course of action it should pursue, display a wide range of differing options. David Herman suggests that there should be a careful balance between front end initiatives and product development, by developing the single cask bottling which would command higher profit margins and provide consumers with more individual choices. He emphasizes that Glenmeadie’s core brand must remain strong. Jeffrey Rayport suggests that the success of the front end initiatives have not necessarily

Implications of cctv surveillance in society

Implications of cctv surveillance in society Implications of CCTV Surveillance in Society Introduction Surveillance as equated in the Oxford Dictionary; Supervision, close observation, [and] invigilation of individuals who are not trusted to work or go about unwatched (Fowler and Fowler 1964: 1302). Surveillance has become a part of society and seems to be everywhere. People are supervised by many different methods every day. Being a huge part of society, surveillance is continuously discussed in both the public and private sectors. Being such a widely debated topic in society today, the implications and complications it brings to the everyday life are only one of the main areas of focus in many discussions. This article concludes of how surveillance affect the society by looking at fewer aspects linked to surveillance. One of the reasons why surveillance causes implications in social life is because it is everywhere; the idea of surveillance is transformed from one simple idea of keeping an eye on ones not trusted to another as technology continued to develop further. When one thinks of surveillance, first thought that comes up would be CCTV (Close Circuit Television) because it is most common and well-known type of surveillance that is widely used, but surveillance goes a lot further then just CCTV. In fact, CCTV itself is a broad subject to consider for study. The following discussion is mainly based upon CCTV surveillance while taking a glance at different types of surveillance techniques and how they cause implications to social life of society CCTV Surveillance is a broad topic and CCTV is not the only surveillance that is watching over the society, other techniques such as Biometrics, Mobile Phones, and Phone tapping, Local Area Networks (LAN) and workplace surveillance also adds to the surveillance. It is believed though that it is CCTV in general that tends to concern society. This is mainly due to the number of CCTV cameras installed in town centres across the UK and the cost of having them and keeping them running, partially because the idea of being watched 24/7 leaves society a very little chance to socialize privately. In January 2000, Prime Minister Tony Blair announced the expansion of CCTV network in England with the input of an enormous ÂÂ £150 million of public money (Parker, 2000). Before the expansion, there were already 1.3 million CCTV Cameras throughout the nation keeping an eye on society and public in restaurants, parks, streets, malls and other public places. Parker stated that the expansion was rising at the rate of 20% a year with the number of CCTV cameras watching us a year in the United Kingdom. A recent study obtained by London Liberal Democrat Justin Davenport due to the freedom of information act, the study showed that the average cost of keeping these cameras running is believed to be around ÂÂ £20 million per year and over the past decade. Over ÂÂ £200 Million has been spent on CCTV cameras in London only. The shocking factor that comes to mind is that this study was just based within the city of London. The total bulge sum of the whole nation would be signific antly higher which is paid out from the taxpayers money. Another Research carried out by London Evening Standards showed that up to 90 per cent of CCTV installations fail to comply with the Information Commissioners UK CCTV code of practice, yet they are still there keeping a watch over the city. Obviously the reason given for this was to control crimes and vandalism across the nation, but as years passed. The cameras installed came to be used as trackers and to keep an eye on any suspicious characters within the society. Parker said that any average working men would be seen by over 300 cameras a day in any big city in the United Kingdom. Stated example of someone leaving home in the morning for work till they get back home in the evening is being used to support Parkers example. But it doesnt stop there, after being at home, any activities such as talking on the phone or surfing the web on the laptop or mobile phone would carry on being surveillance. This can be due to the security of the nation but knowing of being innocent and still being watched 24/7 would just feel wrong. It is claimed that surveillance is there for security to reduce crime, to keep a watch over public places and for safer working environment in work places, it is there to keep track of a criminal or suspects or even to capture a crime-taking place. Nevertheless, as much as CCTV Surveillance claims to bring reduction to crime levels, there has not been definite evidence to support such claims. The reduction is there but may not be as high as claimed because it is easy to move out of sight of the unforgiving eye, and according to Professor Ditton of the Scottish Centre for criminology closed CCTV camera system in town and city centres have failed to match their anti-crime expectations (Parker, 2000). The term for surveillance being everywhere is known as Routine surveillance which is a part of residential areas, schools, road traffic, car park and petrol stations, telephone booth and cash machines, railway stations, retail and commercial, hospitals, stadiums and police surveillance (Norris and Armstrong, 1999). Generally, Being under surveillance and being under watch would create unsecure feeling for any individual but Parker stated that 72% of the people do not object but parker did not fail to mention that the same amount of public are worried that the cameras could easily be abused in the hands of the wrong people(Parker, 2000). A very notorious example of CCTV Technology being misused happened in London outside Harvey Nicholls store. The cameras are designed to go in close to observe suspicious characters and shoplifters but in this case, it was used to look closely at Lady Diana, Princess of Wales. The operator captured the footage while Lady Diana was leaving the store and the tape discovered later in a desk drawer. The footage was a close up shot of her appealing figure and the operator was lingering over her for almost over a minute (Norris Armstrong). Such events like this would remind the society that the CCTV may be there for a good reason but its operator can never be trusted with all that power and reach. It is said in many comic books and movies that with great power, comes great responsibility (Spiderman, 2002; Stan Lee), and its events as such that discourages the society towards the idea of CCTV. Parker in Total Surveillance, 2000 has given many other similar examples. CCTV is widely discouraged however events such as Last moments of Lady Diana, Princess of Wales were captured by CCTV has affected the attitudes and encouraged the belief of CCTV surveillance not be a bad thing after all. Small 2-minute footage of Lady Dianas last moments was uploaded on You Tube (Probably the biggest Social Self Broadcasting website in the world) roughly in 2008. The footage has then been watched all over and across the world and showed on the news channels on TV. You Tube itself has had almost 300,000 views in less than two years of its upload date. When such tragic things happen to anyone, the footage that is recorded by the near CCTV camera becomes the last source of that persons moments. The footage can then be looked at and analysed by the police for investigation to bring justice, but the same footage can also be the last sight of that person to be seen by their family. CCTV Surveillance; first discovered in early nineteenth century (Holtzman, 2006) but since then, it has gone through a vast amount of improvements as seen in todays CCTV cameras and systems. CCTVs were mainly used by military and army forces but it was later on when CCTV made its entry within workplaces. It wasnt till later when government decided to introduce them to keep an eye on society and public. In 2000, more than half of the UK workforce was being monitored at the highest levels, even places like rest rooms, cafe area and restaurants that are far away from the actual working area were under watch. Workplaces came under surveillance for many reasons such as to protect the premises from vandalism, theft, drugs and physical abuse towards other employees and also to keep an eye on all the employees working to enable the employer to see what they are doing. Such environment and atmosphere can be illustrated as untrustworthy environment where there would be no such thing as trust. Later after CCTV, other surveillance techniques came within the working force, techniques such as; e-mail scanning, tapping telephone conversations, voicemail and computer file scanning, unseen Desktop surveillance that records individual workstation activities. If that was not already enough, companies started installing software to keep track of the internet usage by every individual employee. It would gather information such as websites visited, time spent on each website and the same would go for telephone conversations to what number and for how long. According to Parker, the reason organisations gave for taking away the remaining personal space while at work fell into following four categories; To ensure employee health, safety and protection (from abuse or violence); To guard against theft of goods, information and trade secrets; To monitor employees performance, attitude and demeanour; To gather evidence in support of court action arising out of any of the above three reasons. Communication The email scanning and communication surveillance came into action because information was being transmitted through emails, faxes and phone calls. Important documents started going missing and eventually it became efficient to have such systems available on workplaces for the good of the business. Such systems were first installed by banks and building societies due to their assets of information contained within about their customers. If such information was to end up in wrong hands then the company would have to pay the liability and to avoid being in such situations, companies took drastic measures. A very recent catastrophic event occurred on November 2009 within a leading mobile phone company T-Mobile, where an employee stole vital customers data and sold it to rival networks in UK; the Guardian newspaper stated this even as Employee Data Theft Leads To U.K.s Largest Data Breach; The employee sold millions of customer records to data brokers. It is events and crimes as such com mitted by few people in society that leads to generation of new laws. Laws today states that every organisation (big or small) is required to keep a record of CCTV and communication surveillance to and from business for minimum of 12 months in case of further requirement by officials and government authorities as evidence if required, (Lyon, 2002). It is acceptable that the entire span of communication is under surveillance for national security to locate and track any possessed threats but it is believed that almost 98% of communication made across the work is personal and private without conflicting any threat and it is only that 2% of communication that may possess a threat to the national security but that is maybe if not due to misunderstanding. All the factors about communication surveillance are part of workplace surveillance and the mostly monitored factor would be electronic mail surveillance within workplaces. But added factors such as ID Cards and Biometric Surveillance are also part of workplace surveillance which tends to affect the privacy issues. Information about every employee that works at the firm would have to give their biometric details to their employer. This varies from finger prints, eye retina scan, internal nerve scan, palm scan and further more if the firm is working with higher valued assets and critical information. This is for the sake of security of both; the firms assets and employees. But having the control of the surveillance systems could determine the power relations in the workplace which could lead to being blackmailed and kept under pressure for the mistakes made. It is an advantage for having a system in place but it could be used for many other purposes such as finding out details about s omeone without being authorised. Factors about CCTV Surveillance A very well illustrated study carried out in the United States of America by Norris and Armstrong has showed and produced many different approaches made towards the surveillance of society. As people are being surveillance, they are being split into categories and Clive has shown them in very well illustrated tables in Chapter 6 of The Maximum Surveillance Society; The Rise of CCTV. As technology became more advance, the reach of CCTV went further which caused the split in public being watched over. Operators started concentrating on certain types of people within the society. Certain types of people were being watched over more than others. This could be due to the age, sex, attitude, attire or even skin colour. In Clives research, it is shown that only 35% of white people were being surveillance for no obvious reason where as 68% of black population was being watched over for no obvious reason. It is main factors like such and the cost of keeping the systems running that tends to c ause implications within the society and public. Spy Being looked over all the time would conceive meaning of personal space and privacy being invaded while conserving any remaining personal space for socialising. As much as one wants a little bit of privacy, it would be hard to get in todays informatics age. Every aspect and portable technology that public carries around such as mobile phones and portable computers are linked to the global network which can be or is being monitored and analysed 24/7. A very recently discovered spy base in North Yorkshire THE MENWITH HILL SITE is known to be the biggest spy base in the world, it belongs to the Americans but very little is known about what happens at the base and what is being looked after. In a documentary Counterblast: The death of Privacy in 2000 on BBC2 by Simon Davies. Davies discovered that all form of communication made (in the UK or the World is yet unknown) passes through the Menwith Hill after being analysed by computer for suspicious content. The same is believed today as ver y little is known about it but it is certain that there are dozens of comparable sites across the world that carries out such procedures for national security. (MI5, MI6 and any intelligence institutes are all categorised under SPY) Other Surveillances As the technology improved further over the years, the government had installed Auto Recognition Software features in most CCTV cameras across the nation, term today known as face recognition and other recognition type such as Number plate recognition on roads. The government had to pay a little price for implementing this features but it is the public that had to pay the bigger price for taking away their own privacy. Hence the system would help them keep track of anyone travelling from one point to another. The technology was developed to be used for public safety but now it has been prioritised towards the national security so public is being watched and analysed to look for any threats possessed. Technology is now advancing onto implementation of a little device into human body that would carry every single detail about an individual. It would contain the financial data, health record and all the other details. This device has been tested and is already being used few countries and clubs (You tube) and not so long till it becomes essential requirement for everyone in the society. Conclusion It is fairly obvious to guess where the world is going with surveillance, the legislations, laws, and government are only adding to whats already there without realising that whatever there is, it is quiet enough. At the rate the CCTV Surveillance is growing, it can be predicted that there will be a time where public will not go unnoticed by the watchful eyes of government and authorities. This is only going to cost more to the society and it will be the society that will have to pay the government to add the discomfort to the social lives. Government have to pay lower price for such implementation of technology and systems but it is the public that have to pay back twice as much by letting their personal privacy being taken away from them, which is the price that public pays. The more systems are being implemented, the more data gets stored and the information asset gets bigger by day, which if falls in wrong hands then the damage could be unimaginable. The surveillance is always going to grow further with new technology and features and it is that particular idea of having the power that spoils even the nicest of human being intentions. It would be very hard to trust the reach and control of these systems but if safety is needed and required in society then these are the factors that have to be accepted without any exceptions. The answers are there but its up to the society if whether or not they want some of the privacy or nothing at all. Complete safety and no privacy or a little bit of both. REFERENCES: Davies, S. (2000) Counterblast The death of privacy, BBC2 Holtzman, D.H. (2002) Privacy Lost, How technology is endangering your privacy Hosein, G. (2004) Privacy and or as Freedom Introna, L.D. (2000) Workplace Surveillance, Privacy and Distributive Justice, Computers and Society. University of Lancaster, UK Lyon D. (2003) Surveillance as Social Sorting (Privacy, Risk and Digital Discrimination) Lyon, D. (2002) EVERYDAY SURVEILLANCE, Personal data and social classifications Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Norris, C. and Armstrong, G. (2000). The Maximum Surveillance Society. The Rise of CCTV Parker, D. (2000) Total Surveillance (Investigating the BIG Brother world of E-Spies, Eavesdropping and CCTV) Rule, J. (1973), Private Lives and Public Surveillance. THE GUARDIAN NEWSPAPER WEBPAGE (2009) T-Mobile confirms biggest phone customer data breach [WWW] Available from:http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2009/nov/17/t-mobile-phone-data-privacy THIS IS LONDON (2007) Most CCTV cameras are illegal, watchdog claims [WWW] Available from: news/article-23398834-most-cctv-cameras-are-illegal-watchdog-claims.do THIS IS LONDON (2007) Tens of thousands of CCTV cameras, yet 80% of crime unsolved [WWW] Available from: news/article-23412867-tens-of-thousands-of-cctv-cameras-yet-80-of-crime-unsolved.do

Of Mice & Men :: essays research papers

This novel is set on the Californian Grain Farms in the 1930’s. The town is called Soledad and is four miles south of San Jose. The inspiration for the book probably came from a poem by Robert Burns. The poem was about the plans of mice and men going wrong. The book generally is about all of the migrant workers, all with their own dreams. The main characters George and Lennie go from farm to farm, trying to work up a stake and save enough to buy their own farm. The other characters in the book are also all lonely in their own way. Crooks is black and the blacks are seen as outcasts. Curley’s wife is a woman and therefore insignificant, perhaps this is why she has not been given a name. Candy has become old, and without his hand is next to useless. George is a typical migrant worker. He’s not particularly strong, but he’s smart and good at his job. The difference between him and the rest of the workers is that he has someone to call a friend. Lennie is the opposite of George in every physical way. He’s much taller and better built, and consequently an amazing worker. Unfortunately for him and George he is not very intelligent. George enjoys going to brothels, getting drunk and generally wasting his money. Lennie adores animals and he likes to pet them. He forgets how strong he is and usually kills them. They both share the dream of one day owning their own farm. George wants freedom to work how he wants, and Lennie wants to tend the rabbits. There is a very strong bond between the two. Lennie looks up to George and has a great amount of respect and admiration. Lennie could not survive without him. George feels sorry for Lennie but finds him almost impossible to deal with, because he always gets them into trouble. Although George would not admit it, he also needs Lennie. Lennie is the on who attracts the bosses, because of his capability. George is just an average worker, and only gets jobs because he controls Lennie. They both grew up in auburn. George knew Lennie’s aunt who was taking care of Lennie, and when she died, George took over. Candy is an old man who has been at the ranch for some time. He can remember people who have come and gone previously.

Chemistry project 12th Essay

This reaction is highly exothermic, but that is not why the plastic produced is referred to as â€Å"thermoset†. Bakelite is a space-network polymer. Unlike linear and branched polymers, which are composed of long molecules that make them more or less crystalline, space-network polymers are highly and irregularly cross-linked throughout the structure. The sheer extent of the cross-linking means that a sample of the material is essentially one gigantic molecule. Although heat softens and melts linear and branched polymers, heating doesn’t soften space-network polymers because such a softening would require the breaking of covalent bonds. In fact, heating usually produces additional cross-linking in these polymers, making them harder. It is for this reason that space-network polymers, such as bakelite, are called thermoset plastics. PROCEDURE: 1. Take 5ml acetic acid and 2.5ml formaldehyde in a breaker. 2. Add 2mg of phenol to this solution and stir the mixture. 3. Wrap a cloth loosely round the beaker. 4. Stir the solution well while heating. 5. Pass dry hydrochloric acid gas or add a few ml of concentric hydrochloric acid into the mixture. Observation: A large mass of light pink plastic is produce within 5 minutes. Precautions: a) The face of the beaker should not be towards the face of the worker during heating. b) Hydrochloric acid should not be poured into reaction mixture very slowly. c) The contact of phenol with skin should be avoided. Caution: As the reaction is sometimes vigorous while adding hydrochloric acid .It is better to be a few feet away from the beaker till the reaction in complete. Scope of the experiment: Uses of Bakelite are following: Substitute: Bakelite is used as a substitute of porcelain & other opaque ceramic materials. Board/table top: It is used in the area of board & table top games e.g. Billiard balls ,Dominoes etc. Mounting: It is used in mounting of metal samples. It is used in whistles, cameras, solid body& electric guitars. Bakelite is very suitable for emerging Electric & automobile industries because as its extra ordinary resistance but also due to its thermal resistance. It has been widely used in jewellery products. References: 1. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bakelite 2. www.scribd.com 3. Comprehensive chemistry practical class XII Acknowledgment: I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me during the project. My deepest thanks to , the guide of the project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care. She has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed. I express my thanks to the principal, for extending his support. My deep sense of gratitude to the in charge of chemistry lab at CSE for their support and guidance. Thanks and appreciation to the helpful people at for the support. I would also thank my school and my friends without whom this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and well wishers.

The Biological Theories Of Crime Essay - 1218 Words

Biological theories of crime attempt to explain behaviors through examination of individual characteristics. Cesare Lombroso was one of the founding fathers of the biological theory of criminology, stating that criminals are biologically different from non-criminals. The biological perspective explained that crime was a characteristic of human nature. Through Lombroso’s research observing physical characteristics in Italian prisoners and soldiers, he concluded that criminals were physically different. He also linked facial characteristics with criminality. Modern biological theorists, for the most part, reject Lombroso’s concept of â€Å"born criminals†. Current explanations are now more focused in brain functioning, genetics, and neurology. The emphasis in biological theory is seen through constitutional theories that explain criminality by reference to criminals body type and external physical characteristics. One assumptions of the constitutional theory is, di fferent physiologic types tend to be associated with different corresponding psychologic types and that this association has a genetic basis. A different type of physique meant a different type of deviancy. Constitutional theories are associated with Ernst Kretschmer William H. Sheldon. These theorist believed a person s physical build and appearance had a connection in their likelihood to commit a crime. Thus the basic determinants of human behavior are constitutionally or genetically based. Lombroso s approach mayShow MoreRelatedThe Biological Theory Of Crime2339 Words   |  10 Pages‘While theories which locate the causes of crime in biological differences might provide useful explanations for the behaviour of a minority of offenders, they are very limited as general explanations of criminality’. Discuss. 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